In the response phase the most important step is to assess disaster after occurrence. By disaster assessment, we can obtain all the needed information for controlling, decision-making and also disaster planning. Lack of disaster assessment causes you to make unsuitable decisions based on limited or inadequate data which leads to imperfect disaster response. According to IFRC, disaster response operation will have an unsuitable function without disaster assessment. This paper presents the principles and concepts of disaster assessment.

is an important attribute for software quality that can play a significant role in improving user experience. Various methods have been proposed for evaluating the Usability of software systems. Selecting a proper method for collecting information and evaluating the Usability of a software application is a challenge due to the variety of methods, and consequently the time and cost required for their implementation. In this paper, ease of use is considered as a subset of Usability and it is defined as the user’ s effort to perform a task in the software application. We evaluate ease of use based on two methods; questionnaire and users’ performance in an empirical study and compare the results of these two methods. In this way, two different versions of an online store application with similar functionalities are produced and the users are asked to perform specific operations in the application and then answer questions regarding the ease of use of various software functionalities. During the experience, the interactions between user and the software are logged and consequently the user’ s performance is measured based on the successful completion of the operation, the time of the task completion, the number of steps taken by the user, the number of errors, and the time taken to fix the error. These criteria have been selected based on observable criteria and ease of use measurement in relevant research. The results of this study is based on the data of 48 applicants except one of the functionalities which has been expanded to 70 applicants in order to achieve adequate level of confidence. Our results indicate that the evaluation of the questionnaire does not correlate with the performance of users in the measured criteria. In some functions, the performance of the users in two versions of the application do not have a significant difference, but their views are significantly different in the questionnaire. On the other hand, in some other functions, the performance of the users in two versions has a significant difference but the results of the questionnaire does not show a significant difference. Verifying the performance of each user with the results of his/her questionnaire does not indicate correlation between these two methods results. Also, according to the results of this study, the honesty of users in the questionnaire evaluation can be questioned, since 80% of the users who have not performed a functionality rated it higher than good in the questionnaire.

Introduction: Usability is an index to assess a product from the viewpoint of user's satisfaction, efficiency and productivity improvement. The main attributes of Usability that are derived from the human factors and are used in Usability design of the interfaces include: compatibility, consistency, flexibility, minimal action, perceptual limitation, usefulness, learnability, ease of use, minimal memory load, user guidance, satisfaction and errors. The main aim of this study was to assess the Usability of interface design tool for a ventilator utilized in the hospitals of Arak city, Iran, and to study its validation and reliability. Methods: After constructing the initial questionnaire from the standard sources, specific techniques to determine the validity, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used for the validity and reliability study. The study procedure was determining the scope and dimensions of the questions, drafting questionnaire, assigning members of the expert panel, study, questionnaire data acquisition and analysis methods, determining acceptance criteria of the questions and the content validity and reliability index. Final tool was a 42-items questionnaire. Results: The content validity index (CVI) of questionnaire was 0. 86. The results showed that the total Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0. 89 as an acceptable value for the reliability of questionnaire. Conclusion: After designing the final questionnaire, and the reaching to the appropriate validity and reliability, adopting this tool to assess the Usability of breathing apparatus (ventilator) is recommended. With Usability assessment of such vital instruments, quality improvement, higher efficiency and productivity as well as errors reduction and good design user interface will be achieved.

2Introduction: The SIPAD system is used by a diverse range of users, including students, professors, administrators, and university staff. Therefore, it requires continuous evaluation to prevent possible errors and identify problems in the system, plan for resolving them, and ultimately provide better quality services. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate the Usability of the SIPAD system, aiming to identify and resolve problems within it. Method: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2024 to evaluate the Usability of the SIPAD system at Mashhad University of Medical Sciences using an exploratory evaluation method. The evaluators independently examined different parts of the SIPAD system (from the perspective of students, professors, and the education unit) using the Pierotti checklist for compliance with the Nielsen Usability principles. For each type under study, evaluators were asked to rate the severity of the problem related to the item from 0 to 4 if they selected the “No” option (including non-compliance with the desired item in the SIPAD system). Results: Sixteen evaluators participated in the study. 56.25 % of the evaluators were master's and Ph.D. students, 37.5 % were faculty members in health information management, medical informatics, and artificial intelligence, and 6.25 % were experts in the education unit. The majority of problems identified were related to the principles of website flexibility and efficiency (1.35), guidance and documentation (1.28), and the fewest problems accounted for aesthetic aspects and simple design (0.08). The average severity of the identified problems showed that the SIPAD system has minor problems in some Nielsen's Usability principles. Conclusion: This study identified shortcomings in user experience design by evaluating the SIPAD system. The findings show that despite proper technical performance, the neglect of user-centered principles has reduced productivity and satisfaction. The main problems include incomprehensible symbols, a lack of return capabilities, and failure to address the real needs of users. The proposed solutions are low-cost, operational, and have the potential to significantly improve the user experience. Continuous improvement through periodic evaluations and attention to user feedback is essential for the system to remain dynamic.

Introduction: Index of Usability evaluates performance, user satisfaction and increased productivity in a product. Principles of Usability are effectiveness, efficiency, safety, utility, learnability, Memorability. This Study Aims to Develop a Tool to Estimate and Evaluate the Usability of Web Applications in the field of Automation Research has been determined.Material and Methods: After extracting, an initial questionnaire to assess the Usability of the standard resource for indices of validity, internal consistency and reproducibility, respectively technique for determining the content validity, test-retest method and cronbach's alpha coefficient were used. The most important steps were as follow: (1) determine the scope and dimensions of the questions (2) preparing draft questionnaire (3) appoint the members of the expert panel (4) methods, how data analysis (5) determine the acceptance criteria of the questions (6) determine the content validity index (7) determine reliability of the questionnaire (8) determine reproducibility of the questionnaire.Results: A 50-Item questionnaire was designed as the ultimate tool. The content validity index value of 0.763 was obtained ultimately for the questionnaire. Analysis of the questionnaire responses revealed that the lower backend errors related to the reliability coefficient alpha value was equal to 0.742. Finally, the degree of reproducibility of the questionnaire, using test-retest method, was equal to value of 0.993 (p<0.001).Conclusion: After the final questionnaire design, with good reliability and validity, it is noticeable that the designed tool is applicable on relevant softwares and may improve the quality and efficiency of the software and user interface.

Background and aims: Usability is the extent to which a system, product or service can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of use. Increased public awareness of the Usability issues gives Usability an important role in production. Brooke’s SUS is one of the most used tool for measuring Usability. Yet, the Persian translation of this tool has not been available yat to Iranian researchers, and therefore this study was conducted to provide the Persian translation of it and measure its psychometric validation in assessing Usability of traffic signs.Methods: Modified version of SUS by Annie (2011) was translated using backward-forward method of translation. For measuring validity of the questionnaire the opinions of 10 experts in related field were obtained. Content Validity Ratio (CVR) was measured based on Lawshi method and Content Validity Index (CVI) was measured based on Waltz and Basel method. The questionnaire content validity index was also calculated. There is 10 items in SUS for assessing Usability of each traffic sign, therefore for assessing Usability of 20 selected traffic signs, a 200 items questionnaire was developed. Questionnaires were distributed among 50 staffs of Iran University of Medical Sciences. Cronbach’s α was used was to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. Stability of questionnaire was calculated by using test –retest and intra-cluster correlation index.Results: All the items in SUS showed a high level of CVR and all items were accepted. CVI of all items were above the acceptable level of 0.79. Content validity index was equal to 0.927. Cronbach’s α was equal to 0.965, and inter-cluster correlation index was equal to 0.993.Conclusion: The Persian version of SUS is a reliable tool for measuring Usability level and showed a high level of validity and reliability that make it usable for future research in the field.

Background and Objective: Standard operating procedures (SOPs) are always considered a guide for performing tasks in industries. The present study aimed to identify the effective factors in increasing the Usability of safety SOPs. Materials and Methods: In this observational-analytical study, guidelines, books, and studies in the SOPs were used to identify factors that improve their Usability. These factors were assigned to four main groups. A Delphi study was conducted to investigate and ensure the effectiveness of these factors. Data analysis, including validity and reliability, was performed in SPSS software (version 22). Results: In this study, which aimed to design and develop a tool for increasing the Usability of SOP, 22 factors were identified and categorized into four main groups. After the Delphi study, the content validity ratio (CVR) for the designed instrument was 0. 83, the content validity index (CVI) was calculated at 0. 955, and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was obtained at 0. 819. Conclusion: In this study, 22 factors in four main groups were identified to be effective in increasing the Usability of safety SOPs. Their effectiveness was evaluated and proven. According to this study, all procedures in the industry should be developed in a specific framework, their applicability should be examined in a specific period of time, and if necessary, they should be reviewed and amended.

Introduction: Computer-based systems have become integral to every aspect of daily life, with the successful performance of such systems heavily reliant on error-free software. Given the significance of these systems, tools are essential for evaluating their Usability. One such tool is the Post-Study System Usability Questionnaire (PSSUQ). The present study aimed to localize and psychometrically evaluate the Persian version of the third edition of the PSSUQ and assess the Usability of the library website at Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study employed the Backward-Forward method for translating the questionnaire. The study population included 314 participants for cultural adaptation of the scale and 147 postgraduate students for evaluating the library website, all from Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. Content validity was assessed using the Content Validity Index (CVI) and Content Validity Ratio (CVR). Reliability was determined via Cronbach’s alpha, and exploratory factor analysis was performed. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 16, adhering to ethical guidelines at all stages of the study. Results: The overall content validity index (CVI) of the questionnaire was 0.96, while the overall content validity ratio (CVR) was satisfactory, with clarity and simplicity both scoring 0.91 and necessity at 0.75. Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.95, with correlations between items exceeding 0.30. No significant differences in the Usability of the library website were observed based on age, gender, field of study, educational level, or year of admission. Conclusion: The Persian version of the third edition of the PSSUQ is a valid and reliable tool for evaluating system Usability and user satisfaction with digital systems. It holds substantial potential for identifying system weaknesses and areas requiring improvement.